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Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

\textbf{Directions: Work only on this sheet (on both sides, if needed); do not
turn in any supplementary sheets of paper. There is actually plenty of room
for your answers, as long as you organize yourself BEFORE starting writing.
In order to get full credit, SHOW YOUR WORK.}

{\bf 1.} (15)  In class we discussed a way to make Python threads essentially
non-preemptible.  The key element of this would involve calling which
function?

{\bf 2.}  (20) Write a Perl module {\bf Mean.pm} which will serve as a
class to be used with {\bf tie}.  Its main use is to store an
integer-valued variable, but on request, which is signaled by a nominal
assignment of 0, the mean of all values assigned to the variable so far
will be printed out.  (The 0 itself is not actually assigned, i.e. the
value of the variable will not become 0.) For example:

\begin{verbatim}
# this is TestMean.pl
use Mean;
...
$x = 1;
$y;
tie $y,'Mean';
$y = 6;
$y = $y + 2;
$y = $x;
$y = 0;  # prints out 5
$y = 10;
print $y, "\n";  # prints 10
$y = 0;  # prints out 6.25
...
\end{verbatim}

Write the entire code for the module {\bf Mean.pm}.  {\bf BE LEGIBLE.}

{\bf 3.}  Consider the SimPy program {\bf MachRep3.py}.

\begin{itemize}

\item [(a)] (10) Suppose we were to add a class variable {\bf
TotWaitToCallRepair} to the class {\bf Machine}, which would represent
the total time that all machines have waited for a call to the
repairperson.  If for instance machine 1 goes down while machine 0 is
up, machine 1 must wait for machine 0 to fail before the repairperson is
called.  We are interested in the total of all such wait times, and will
print that total out when the simulation is finished.  Add exactly two
(2) lines, no more, to the code in {\bf Machine.Run()} which will be
used to compute that total.  {\bf TotWaitToCallRepair} is ``given,'' and
thus a line ``declaring'' it would not count, but ``declarations'' for
any other variables would count.  Note that your answer consists both of
the two lines to be added AND specification of WHERE in the existing
code the two new lines should be inserted.

\item [(b)] (10) (Do not assume anything from part (a).)  Here we want
to find the total amount of time during which both machines are up
simultaneously.  Add just three (3) lines (where for instance {\bf if a:
x = 0} counts as one line) to accomplish this, showing both the lines to
be added and where to add them.  Note that any ``declaration'' lines
count.

\item [(c)] (15) (Do not continue to assume anything from parts (a) and
(b).)
Consider a variation in which we have {\bf Machine.NMach} machines, and
the repairperson is called whenever at least {\bf Machine.MinCall}
machines are down.  We'll have a variable {\bf Machine.WaitingCall},
which will be a list of IDs of the machines currently down, waiting for
the repairperson to be called (waiting due to there being fewer than
{\bf Machine.MinCall} machines down).  Rewrite the large {\bf if-elif}
section in {\bf Machine.Run()} (starting with the {\bf if} and ending
just before {\bf yield request...}) to reflect these changes.  Do not
make use of {\bf RepairPerson.n}.  Be Pythonic.  {\bf BE LEGIBLE.}

\end{itemize}

{\bf 4.} This question compares PerlDSM to the material we learned about
Python threads.

\begin{itemize}

\item [(a)] (10) Fill in the blank with a term from our course:  In PerlDSM's
server code, the variable {\bf @LockQueue} is used to avoid the problem
we termed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in our unit on Python threads.

\end{itemize}

\begin{itemize}

\item [(b)] (10) One of the PerlDSM examples, {\bf Primes.pl}, used
basically the same algorithm as the prime-finding example in our unit on
Python threads.  Note for example that the variable {\bf \$NextI} in
{\bf Primes.pl} corresponds to the variable {\bf nexti} in our Python
example.  Both variables are guarded with locks.  (Note:  Your answer
will not depend on whether the PerlDSM or Python version is run.)
Suppose we had forgotten to put in the ``unlock'' operation, e.g. {\bf
nextilock.release()} in the Python case.  Then which of the following
would occur?  (i) The program may produce wrong answers.  (ii) The
program will produce correct answers, but possibly with some wasted
effort.  (iii) The program will produce correct answers, with no wasted
effort.  (iv) The program will hang, i.e. never finish.

\end{itemize}

{\bf Solutions:}

{\bf 1.}  {\bf sys.setcheckinterval()}

{\bf 2.}

\begin{Verbatim}[fontsize=\relsize{-2}]
# Mean.pm

package Mean;

sub TIESCALAR {

   my $class = @_[0];
   my $r = {value=>0, n=>0, sum=>0};
   bless $r, $class;
   return $r;
}

sub FETCH {
   my $r = shift;
   return $r->{value};
}

sub STORE {
   my $r = shift;
   my $newval = shift;
   if ($newval != 0) {
      $r->{value} = $newval;
      $r->{n}++;
      $r->{sum} += $newval;
   }
   else  {
      print $r->{sum}/$r->{n}, "\n";
   }
}

1;
\end{Verbatim}

{\bf 3.a.}

\begin{Verbatim}[fontsize=\relsize{-2}]
if Machine.NUp == 1:
   StartWait = now()
   yield passivate,self
   Machine.TotWaitToCallRepair += now() - StartWait
\end{Verbatim}

{\bf 3.b.}

\begin{Verbatim}[fontsize=\relsize{-2}]
(Total2Up, Start2Up) = (0.0,0.0)
...
      if Machine.NUp == 1:
         Machine.Total2Up += now() - Machine.Start2Up
         yield passivate,self
...
      Machine.NUp += 1
      if Machine.NUp == 2: Machine.Start2Up = now()
      yield release,self,RepairPerson
\end{Verbatim}

{\bf 3.c.}

\begin{Verbatim}[fontsize=\relsize{-2}]
if Machine.NMach - Machine.NUp < Machine.MinCall:
   Machine.WaitingCall.append(self.ID) 
   yield passivate,self
else:
   for Mch in Machine.WaitingCall:
      reactivate(M[Mch]) 
   Machine.WaitingCall = []
\end{Verbatim}

{\bf 4.a.}  busy wait

{\bf 4.b.} (iv)

\end{document}