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\begin{document}

Name: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Directions: {\bf Work only on this sheet} (on both sides, if needed); do
not turn in any supplementary sheets of paper. There is actually plenty
of room for your answers, as long as you organize yourself BEFORE
starting writing.

{\bf 1.} This problem concerns the file {\bf bookvec.R} in our handout.

\begin{itemize}

\item [(a)] (35) Suppose we create a new object {\bf z} of type {\bf
"bookvec"}, and then execute

\begin{lstlisting}
z[2] <- z[2]
\end{lstlisting}

Name the functions in {\bf bookvec.R} that are executed in these two
actions (object creation, assignment).

\item [(b)] (35) One of the comments says, ``note the recycling.''  Give a
specific illustration of recycling in the line associated with that
comment, involving the object {\bf b} in the examples in the handout,
{\bf and explain why}.  

No ``snow jobs,'' please; be specific.  Your answer must be in similar
form to

\begin{quote}
If we execute

\begin{lstlisting}
> x <- b[1]
\end{lstlisting}

then the vector (6,1,9) will be recycled to (6,1,9,6,1).
\end{quote}


\item [(c)] (30) Write a function {\bf sum.bookvec()} that will
``overload'' R's generic {\bf sum()} function.  It will return the sum
of counts of writes, e.g.

\begin{lstlisting}
> b <- newbookvec(c(5,12,13))
> b[2] <- 8
> b[2] <- 88
> b[3] <- 168
> sum(b)
[1] 3
\end{lstlisting}

\end{itemize}

{\bf You are allowed a maximum of 5 lines of code.}

\onecolumn

{\bf Solutions:} 

{\bf 1.a} 

\begin{lstlisting}
newbookvec()
[.bookvec
[<-.bookvec
\end{lstlisting}

{\bf 1.b}  If we execute

\begin{lstlisting}
> b[2:4] <- 7
\end{lstlisting}

the one-element vector 1 will be recycled to (1,1,1).

{\bf 1.c}

\begin{lstlisting}
sum.bookvec <- function(bv,na.rm=F) sum(bv$wrts)
\end{lstlisting}

(Don't worry about the {\bf na.mr=F}.)

\end{document}